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Joseph Heller
Joseph Heller (May 1, 1923 – December 12, 1999) was an American satirical novelist, short story writer, and playwright. The title of one of his works, ''Catch-22'', entered the English lexicon to refer to a vicious circle wherein an absurd, no-win choice, particularly in situations in which the desired outcome of the choice is an impossibility, and regardless of choice, a same negative outcome is a certainty. Although he is remembered primarily for ''Catch-22'', his other works center on the lives of various members of the middle class and remain examples of modern satire.
==Early years==
Joseph Heller was born on May 1, 1923 in Coney Island in Brooklyn, New York,〔.〕 the son of poor Jewish parents, Lena and Isaac Donald Heller,〔.〕 from Russia.〔Heller's father was a bakery truck driver, who died in 1927.〕 Even as a child, he loved to write; as a teenager, he wrote a story about the Russian invasion of Finland and sent it to the New York ''Daily News'', which rejected it. After graduating from Abraham Lincoln High School in 1941,〔Hechinger, Fred M. ("About education; Personal Touch Helps" ), ''The New York Times'', January 1, 1980. Retrieved 2009-09-20. "Lincoln, an ordinary, unselective New York City high school, is proud of a galaxy of prominent alumni, who include the playwright Arthur Miller, Representative Elizabeth Holtzman, the authors Joseph Heller and Ken Auletta, the producer Mel Brooks, the singer Neil Diamond and the songwriter Neil Sedaka."〕 Heller spent the next year working as a blacksmith's apprentice,〔 a messenger boy, and a filing clerk. In 1942, at age 19, he joined the U.S. Army Air Corps. Two years later he was sent to the Italian Front, where he flew 60 combat missions as a B-25 bombardier. His unit was the 488th Bombardment Squadron, 340th Bomb Group, 12th Air Force. Heller later remembered the war as "fun in the beginning ... You got the feeling that there was something glorious about it."〔 On his return home he "felt like a hero ... People think it quite remarkable that I was in combat in an airplane and I flew sixty missions even though I tell them that the missions were largely milk runs" ("Milk runs" were combat missions, but mostly uneventful due to a lack of intense opposition from enemy anti-aircraft artillery or fighters).
After the war, Heller studied English at the University of Southern California and NYU on the G.I. Bill.〔 〕 In 1949, he received his M.A. in English from Columbia University. Following his graduation, he spent a year as a Fulbright scholar at St Catherine's College, Oxford (1949–50),〔(Catz People ) 〕 and, after returning home, he taught composition at Pennsylvania State University for two years (1950–52).〔(The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica, Last Updated 5-15-2014 )〕 He also taught fiction and dramatic writing at Yale.〔Asiado, Tel. “Joseph Heller Biography.” 1. Web. Nov 23, 2010.〕 He then briefly worked for Time Inc.,〔 before taking a job as a copywriter at a small advertising agency,〔〔Advertising copywriter for ''Time'' (1952–56) and ''Look'' (1956–58) magazines; promotion manager for ''McCall’s'' (1958–61): The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica, Last Updated 5-15-2014 ()〕 where he worked alongside future novelist Mary Higgins Clark. At home, Heller wrote. He was first published in 1948, when ''The Atlantic'' ran one of his short stories. The story nearly won the "Atlantic First".〔
He was married to Shirley Held from 1945 to 1981 and they had two children, Erica (born 1952) and Zelmo (born 1956).
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